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ALTEX 35(3), 2018 422 at for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), the academic establishments concerned (mostly as in-kind contributions), Interpharma, the federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), and Swiss Animal Protection (SAP). Taken all together, the 3RCC will have about CHF 3 million each year to fund its activities – three times as much as was available to the former 3Rs Research Foundation. This means that the 3RCC will have the financial means to operate purposefully in promoting 3Rs principles in the three key areas of education, research, and communication. One of the center’s immediate tasks will be to initiate and support the development of a national and international 3Rs network in order to increase researchers’ awareness of the 3Rs and reinforce a 3Rs mentality. The network structure, centrally coordinated by 3RCC, is designed so that it can develop and act locally with the 11 university hubs but also involve industry, politics, and animal welfare in a targeted and sustained manner. Speaking for the FSVO, Dr Kaspar Jörger, Head of the Division of Animal Welfare, highlighted the authority’s high expectations of the 3RCC, especially concerning the three key areas of education, communication, and 3Rs research. The authority considers 3Rs training and continued professional development of research workers to be key elements of effective and sustained improvements for research animals and a reduction in the number of animals used. Close links with the universities should ensure that the 3Rs are introduced at an early stage in all natural science and medical degrees, with a direct effect on research and project results. Coordinated by the 3RCC, it should be possible to establish a sustainable 3Rs culture in Swiss animal research facilities, research institutes, and laboratories. The 3RCC should also become the know-how center for handling research animals in compliance with animal protection principles and a platform for the exchange of scientific knowledge and experience in the realms of the 3Rs. The 3RCC communication concept should provide a professional contact point allowing exchanges between all stakeholders (students, researchers, the general public, media, politicians, authorities, and industry). Active communication, both internal and external, greater transparency about animal testing, and the implementation of the 3Rs in the research and public interest communities are extremely important, also with respect to negative or “non-publishable” results. This question was one of the themes of the 11th Meeting on Animal Research held by Swiss Animal Protection (SAP) in Olten, Switzerland on May 18, 2018. This year, too, focused on the principles of the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine the use of animals in research), looking in particular at alternative methods and the new national 3Rs Competence Centre (3RCC) founded in March of this year. The meeting, attended by some 100 participants, consisted of two thematic blocks: first, the structure, possibilities and planned development of the new 3RCC and other 3Rs centres in Germany (the Berlin-Brandenburg research platform (BB3R) and the Charité 3Rs Centre in Berlin) and, secondly, some of the latest developments in alternative methods presented by expert and eloquent speakers. These topics included toxicology without animal testing (Tox21 program), human lung cultures, alternatives to fetal bovine serum, recombinant antibodies, in vitro systems for testing antifibrotic agents, and microphysiological systems in applied research (organ-on-achip systems). The meeting concluded with a lively and informative panel discussion involving all speakers and members of the audience. The 3Rs principles have been embedded in legislation with Art. 22 of the Swiss animal protection law for the past 20 years: Should alternatives to animal experimentation be available, researchers have to use them – in the view of the legislators. Even though the 3Rs have already advanced at the international level, there has been too little research, development, and utilization in Switzerland. Despite the recognized economic and scientific potential, not enough has been done with respect to more cost-effective and rapid alternative methods. Thanks to the 3RCC, changes in research and education will mean a reduction of animal testing in the future. Dr Chantra Eskes, Director of the 3RCC, outlined the structure and scope of the tasks faced by the new center, in which the authorities, academic institutes, animal protection, and industry are involved. In 2016, the federal government commissioned the joint body of higher education, swissuniversities, to develop the concept for the new center. The federal council postulate report1 published in 2015, based on an interpellation from the year 20102, was the starting point of this development. Under the aegis of the University of Bern, the 3RCC will be promoted as a non-commercial research institute of national importance3 and will also receive support from the State SecretariMeeting Report

The 3Rs Competence Centre (3RCC) – better research with less animal testing?