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ALTEX 35(2), 2018 258 cellular processes and provide high sensitivity to assays, which are quantified using robust algorithms. The various avenues now available for assays/screens include i) monoculture of primary cells or established cell lines in the context of screening chemical entities; ii) different levels of co-culture (including multiple organ co-culture); iii) stem cell applications in in vitro pharmacology/toxicology; iv) 3D culture (including organ-onchip, multi-organ chips, and human-on-chip to decipher crosstalk between cells and between organs); and v) introduction of robotic approaches and high-throughput screening. Sharing his experience at the Asian Congress (2016), World Congress 10 (2017), and American Society for Cellular and Computational Toxicology (2017), he emphasized the need for India to catch up with the developed and the rest of the developing nations in practicing the available alternatives and contributing to the global alternatives movement. Dr Christian Pellevoisin, Scientific Director, EPISKIN Academy, France, spoke on “Reconstructed skin models and methods for hazard and risk assessment of chemicals and cosmetics”. He explained that progress has been made in toxicology for lower-tier endpoints with successful regulatory-accepted methods such as in vitro skin irritation/corrosion testing using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) and, more recently, in vitro eye irritation with reconstructed human corneal epithelium (RHCE). Other methods for genotoxicity or skin sensitization testing are in the process of validation, and many are already used for routine screening to assess permeation or phototoxicity. Combined in Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) with in silico, read-across and weight-of-evidence (WoE) approaches, they allow full replacement of animal tests for several endpoints. These achievements concern not only chemical or cosmetic industry but also biocide testing or drug development. The recent success of the round robin study for skin irritation of medical devices with RHE models opens the way for ISO 10993 standards revision. There is still a need to develop non-animal methods for further endpoints and to support them through validation, regulatory acceptance and worldwide implementation. “Cosmetic safety testing – The Indian scenario” was the topic of presentation of Benedict Mascarenhas, Chairman & Managing Director, EnvisBE Solutions Pvt. Ltd., also member, Cosmetic Sectional Committee, BIS, India, and Convener The Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation-sponsored Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center (MGDC) for Alternatives, India, together with Episkin Academy, France, conducted four editions of the “Handling of Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model” training program in India during 2012-15. An alliance has now been formed between (i) Episkin Academy, (ii) Government of India Department of Science and Technology-supported “National Facility for Biopharmaceuticals” located at G. N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai, and (iii) EnvisBE Solutions Pvt. Ltd., a Contract Research and IPR Company, Dadar (West), Mumbai, together with the former Doerenkamp chair in India, towards furtherance of service to India in the context of alternatives. The alliance partners launched the First National Congress on Alternatives to Animal Testing, indicating that there could be more congresses to come. The objective of the congress, convened on December 14, 2017 at Hotel Orchid, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai, was to provide a platform for sharing information and updates on the latest practices in safety assessment as well as regulatory guidelines that are emerging in the drug discovery, environmental risk assessment, and cosmetic sectors. Dr Kiran Mangaonkar, Principal of G. N. Khalsa College, inaugurated the Congress when Dr Ajith Singh, member of the Management Committee of the College, offered felicitation. More than 100 delegates, who represented academic, research and industrial communities, took part. Delivering the key-note address on “Trends in in vitro approaches to toxicology and pharmacology”, Prof. Mohammad A. Akbarsha, former Doerenkamp chair in India and founderMGDC, elaborated on the academic, technical and regulatory perspectives of adopting the alternative modalities of chemical risk assessment as well as drug discovery processes, and developing newer testing strategies. Advances in molecular biology have revolutionized toxicological risk assessment with rapid, less expensive and highly relevant in vitro and in silico systems. In vitro assays form the core of alternative tools, which include 2D and 3D cell cultures and the more superior microfluidic systems that have emerged as the microphysiological systems patronized by EPA and FDA that offer highly appropriate endpoints that closely simulate/reproduce organ-specific functions with sensitive multi-parametric endpoints. The latest imaging technologies, supported by omics-coupled high-throughput systems, improve the non-invasive exposition of molecular and Meeting Report

First National Congress on Alternatives to Animal Testing and post-congress workshops in India