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Investigation of the effect of beam alignment for milimeter wave (mmWave) transmission in the case of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication (V2I) is carried out. The investigation covered varying transmission-reception (TX-RX) distances. The effect of carrier frequency variation using different antenna angles and gains is also analyzed. The results showed convergence of path loss (PL) values regardless of angle or antenna gain (dBi). The investigation also proved that shadow fading (SF), which is related to standard deviation () and exponent number (n) is a main contributor to the observed high path loss values in the case of misalignment. It is also noted that the path loss values decreases as a function of frequency per same travelled distance, which is related to the exponent number. This work highlights the importance of antenna alignment and that V2I communication can be very much optimized if and when auto-antenna alignment is used, and the importance of multi-antenna arrays.

Effect of Multi-Frequency Beam Alignment on Non-Line-of-Site Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication using CI Model (CI-NLOS-V2I)