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Recent wireless communication network which is Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) bring a huge potential in monitoring system as the integration between sensors application and LPWAN technology itself contribute to greater efficiency, higher productivity, and better quality of life in multiform sectors such as in healthcare, smart city application, and monitoring system. The project involves the implementation of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) while delving into performances of the LoRa Technologies in the development of the environmental monitoring system in Bidong Island located in state of Terengganu, Malaysia. An Arduino Uno microcontroller stacked with LoRa module shield via SPI connection and in conjunction with few sensors work as end device to capture the environment data and send it to the gateway over the long range at a very low-data-rate with low power consumption for remote monitoring system. In this paper, we identify the best spreading factors that works well in the island region by manipulating all the spreading factor from SF6 to SF12. The result shows SF11 provides the best packet delivery ratio and the most stable Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) compared to other SFs. Moreover, we evaluate the external factors which caused the packet loss data and provide ways to improve the signal quality and to achieve optimal results for signal transmission and communication performance.

Performance of LoRa Network for Environmental Monitoring System in Bidong Island Terengganu, Malaysia