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This article is focused on the overview of functionality of the neurons and investigation of the current research and algorithms used for brain source localization. The human brain is made up of active neurons and continuously generates electrical impulses on scalp surface. The neurons transmit the message through the dendrites called pyramidal cells. The active parts of the brain are addressed and measured by various neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) etc. These techniques help to diagnose pathological, physiological, mental and functional abnormalities of the brain. EEG is a high temporal resolution and a low spatial resolution technique which yields the non-invasively potential difference measurements between pair of electrodes over the scalp. It is used in understanding behavior of brain which is further used to analyze various brain disorders. EEG brain source localization has remained an active area of research in neurophysiology since last couple of decades and still being investigated in terms of its processing time, resolution, localization error, free energy, integrated techniques and algorithms applied. In this paper, several approaches of forward problem, inverse problem and Bayesian framework have been explored to address the uncertainties and issues of localization of the neural activities incurring in the brain.

EEG Signals based Brain Source Localization Approaches