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Energy limitations have become fundamental challenge for designing wireless sensor networks. Network lifetime represent the most important and interested metric. Several attempts have been made for efficient utilization of energy in routing techniques. This paper proposes an energy efficient routing technique for maximizing the networks lifetime called swarm intelligence routing. This is achieved by using ant colony algorithm (ACO) and artificial immune system (AIS). AIS is used for solving packet LOOP problem and to control route direction. While ACO algorithm is used for determining optimum route for sending data packets. The proposed routing technique seeks for determining the optimum route from nodes towards base station so that energy exhaustion is balanced and lifetime is maximized. Proposed routing technique is compared with Dijkstra routing method. Results show significant increase in network lifetime of about 1.2567.

Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Maximizing the Lifetime in Wsns Using Ant Colony Algorithm and Artificial Immune System