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The Cenozoic Cook Inlet basin is located in the forearc region of the Aleutian–Alaska Peninsula magmatic arc associated with subduction of the Pacifi c plate beneath the North American plate (fi g. 1). A complicated stratigraphy, in part due to the fl uvial nature of the depositional systems, was created in the basin by cycles of uplift, denudation, and accommodation related to subduction (Swenson, 1997). Cenozoic depositional systems fi lled the basin with sediment eroding locally from the exposed accretionary prism to the southeast and the active volcanic arc and southern Alaska Range to the northwest (Crick, 1971; Hartman and others, 1974; Hayes and others, 1976; Hite, 1976; Swenson, 1997). Axial fl uvial systems deposited material in the Cook Inlet basin that was transported from eastern Alaska and possibly as far as western Canada (Kirschner and Lyon, 1973; Rawlinson, 1984). The Paleogene and Neogene section is up to 8,500 m thick, but thins dramatically toward the basin margins (Crick, 1971). The term “Kenai Group” was fi rst applied to the coal-bearing exposures around Cook Inlet (Dall and Harris, 1892). Subsequently, Paleogene and Neogene sedimentary rocks on the Kenai Peninsula were designated the Kenai Formation based on multiple measured sections onshore (Barnes and Cobb, 1959), and were later elevated to group status containing fi ve formations based on subsurface type sections (Calderwood and Fackler, 1972). The Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Tyonek Formation is the focus of this study. The Tyonek Formation (2,316 m) has been described in the subsurface type section in the Pan American No. 2 Tyonek State 17587 well (fi g. 2) as fi neto coarse-grained massive sandstone and siltstone with coal beds up to 6.5 m thick (Crick, 1971). However, Tyonek outcrops (Magoon and others, 1976) examined in this study consist mostly of clast-supported angular conglomerate interbedded with pedogenic siltstone, fi neto medium-grained

Sedimentology of an Oligocene-Miocene incised paleovalley, Tyonek Formation, Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska