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Indigo is invariably applied on cotton to produce an attractive blue shade, together with the desired wash-down eff ects. Because it is water insoluble, indigo is reduced and solubilised with sodium dithionite and NaOH to develop affi nity for cotton. Sodium dithionite dissociates into hazardous by-products viz. sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate with a harmful eff ect on the environment due to their toxicity, as well as a corrosive eff ect on waste lines. To overcome these problems, the eco-friendliness of alkaline protease, together with iron (II) sulphate (FeSO4) as a reducing agent, was studied as a replacement for sodium dithionite. Dyed samples were characterised by attenuated total refl ection, using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diff raction (XRD). It was observed that alkaline protease, together with iron (II) sulphate, is also capable of producing a comparable reduction potential in dye baths, reduction bath stability, and the surface colour strength and colour fastness properties of dyed cotton compared to those obtained using sodium dithionite.

Dyeing of Cotton with Indigo Using Alkaline Protease and Additives