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In this study, three dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) isolated from Gnaphalium affine D. DON. extracts were structurally identi- fied and evaluated for their antioxidant activities, cellular protective effects, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate fraction of G. affine was chromatographed, which yielded 3 DCQA derivatives of 1-3 : 3,5-dicaffoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA, 1), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQA, 2), 1,5-dicaffoylquinic acid (1,5-DCQA, 3). The structure of each compounds was de- termined using 1 H NMR and MS analyses. Compounds of 1-3 showed strong free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities (FSC50 = 3.70, 5.80, and 5.50 µM, respectively) compared to those of a commonly used lipophilic anti- oxidant, (+)-α-tocopherol (21.90 µM). Cellular protective effects of 1-3 compounds on the 1 O2 sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were similar to (+)-α-tocopherol. 1-3 compounds also exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibitory effects (IC50 = 0.15, 0.16, and 0.13 mM) compared to arbutin (0.33 mM), known as a skin-whitening agent. These results indicate that three DCQA derivatives may be applied as an antioxidant and a skin whitening agent in food or cosmetic industries.

Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Dicaffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives Isolated from Gnaphalium Affine D. DON