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Concentric bracing is one of the most common lateral load resistant systems in building frames, and are applied to many structures due to their manufacturing simplicity and economics. An important deficiency in the bracing members is their irregular hysteretic loops under cyclic loading. In order to overcome this problem, it is advised to restrain braces against buckling under compression, since buckling restrained frames dissipate a large amount of energy. One method to restrain braces against buckling is to cover them with concrete. A proper covering can prevent the core from buckling and provide similar capacities whether in tension or compression which would produce regular hysteric curves. In this study, the behavior of buckling restrained braces (BRB) has been investigated by considering different types of surrounding covers. The steel core is encased in concrete with different coverings. The covering types include steel tubes, PVC pipes, and FRP rolled sheets. Experimental and numerical analyses were implemented. According to the results, PVC pipes and FRP sheets are suitable alternatives to steel pipes. Furthermore, the behavior of several types of steel cores was assessed; since, applying steel with high ductility promotes the energy dissipation of the brace. Finally, the effect of the separating layer between the steel core and the concrete on the performance of bracing was evaluated.

A Gist of Corollary of Aging on Propensity of Bitumen Containing Polymers