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Lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS) in adults is defined as the forward slippage of a vertebra onto the top of the vertebra, resulting from a defect in the pars intraarticular, and can be low grade or high grade. Persistent back pain or neurological deficit are indications for surgical intervention. Surgery can be done from back, front, or both, with or without fusion, instrumentation, or decompression, and short or long segment.

the international journal of spine surgery

Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Combined Anterior-Posterior Approach Versus Posterior Alone in Management of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis