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This study assessed tissue response to freshly mixed sealers (Sealer 26 – SE26 and Epiphany EPH) and the relationship between M1 macrophages and tissue repair. Methods: A total of 21 rats were used to assess tissue response at 7, 14 and 21 days post-implantation. Half of histopathological sections were labeled with anti-iNOS antibodies (M1 macrophage subset) and half were graded according to the inflammatory intensity. Results: On day 7, no significant difference was found in the intensity of the inflammatory reaction between sealers. On days 14 and 21, SE26 showed a more intense inflammatory reaction than EPH (P < 0.05). On days 7 and 14, the number of iNOS+ cells was statistically higher for EPH than SE26 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: SE26 was more toxic than EPH. The degree of inflammation observed in EPH had an inverse relationship with the amount of M1 macrophages observed.

Evaluation of tissue reaction to freshly mixed endodontic sealers and their relationship with the M1 macrophage phenotype