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espanolEl articulo estudia la produccion, comercio –legal e ilegal– y aprovisionamiento del mineral estrategico wolframio/tungsteno tanto por parte de los de los Aliados como del Eje durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Analiza al mayor productor mundial de este mineral, China, los acuerdos comerciales firmados por Chiang Kai-shek en la preguerra con la Alemania nazi, la URSS y Gran Bretana y la evolucion de los mismos durante el conflicto mundial. Analiza igualmente a Japon, sus dificultades para hacerse con el wolframio chino y su dependencia de Corea. En cuanto a la Alemania nazi estudia su aprovisionamiento de mineral chino hasta 1941 y posteriormente en la peninsula iberica, dificultado por las compras preventivas aliadas en Espana y Portugal. Estudia el caso de EE. UU., su progresivo autoaprovisionamiento en el hemisferio occidental, el puente aereo establecido entre China e India para extraer el wolframio y la distribucion de cantidades del mismo en Gran Bretana y la URSS. El articulo incluye una evaluacion de la importancia del wolframio dentro del conjunto de materiales estrategicos utilizados por los contendientes en la guerra y concluye que la estrategia aliada de dificultar o impedir el aprovisionamiento del enemigo contribuyo a disminuir su uso y lesionar la efectividad de su maquinaria de guerra. EnglishThis article studies the production, legal and illegal trade, and provisioning of strategic mineral wolfram/tungsten both by the Allies and the Axis during World War II. It analyzes the case the world’s largest producer of this mineral, China, the trade agreements signed by Chiang Kai-shek before the war with Nazi Germany, the USSR and Britain and their evolution during the global conflict. It also analyzes Japan, its difficulties in obtaining Chinese wolfram and its dependence on Korea. As for Nazi Germany, it studies its supply of Chinese ore until 1941 and later in the Iberian Peninsula, a trade made difficult by the Allied preventive purchases in Spain and Portugal. The article also studies the case of the US, its progressive auto provisioning in the Western Hemisphere, the airlift established between China and India to extract tungsten and distribution of amounts of it in Britain and the USSR. Finally, the article includes an assessment of the importance of tungsten within the set of strategic materials used by the contenders in the war and concludes that the Allied strategy hinder or prevent the provision of the enemy helped to reduce use and negatively affected the effectiveness of its machinery of war.

Tungsten in the Second World War: China, Japan, Germany, the Allies and Iberia