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Several studies have reported that the calcite precipitation induced by ureolytic bacteria through the hydrolysis of urea was influenced by several important factors including the concentration of calcium ions, the surrounding pH and temperature. Recently, the microbial induced calcite precipitations (MICP) were further explored using natural elements and microorganisms from the environment. Vegetable waste provides the proper substrate for microorganism’s growth and activities. In this study, the calcite forming ability of indigenous bacteria in the vegetable waste was investigated by mixing the extract of vegetable waste known as vege-grout with sandy soil. The vege-grout optimum content was determined by unconfined compression test to find the suitable ratio of vege-grout content. The results of this study showed that there was an increase of compressive strength after 28 days of curing with vege-grout. SEM and EDX analysis showed aggregation of soil particles and formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO). Microbiological analysis of vege-grout extract indicated the presence of ureolytic bacteria that could be responsible for the bio-cementation process. Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed that the vege-grout extract contained a rich source of carbon, nitrogen and calcium elements. This study has demonstrated the potential application of vegetable waste for microbial cementation of soil particles.

Vege-Grout: a Potential Bio-Grout Material from Vegetable Waste for Bio-Cementation