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Concordant differences in morphology, phenology and RAMS markers, as well as in sequenced mtDNA (COI, COII, cytb) and nuclear DNA (ITS2) fragments, indicate that Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 are valid species. On the basis of morphology, molecular markers, and distributional records, both species are distinct from Dolerus gibbosus Hartig, 1837 (= Dolerus planatus Hartig, 1837). Taxonomy of the species is clarified and the neotypes of Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 are designated. The synonymies of Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859, to Dolerus planatus Hartig, 1837 and Dolerus derzavini Malaise, 1931, spec. rev. to D. asper Zaddach, 1859 are abandoned. Dolerus carbonarius Zad- dach, 1859 and Dolerus fumosus Zaddach, 1859 are considered to be species inquirendae. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS2 frag- ment and fragments of ITS2 + COI and ITS2 + COII yielded the topology (D. asper, (D. brevicornis, D. gibbosus)), while those of all other markers and their combinations resulted in the topology (D. brevicornis, (D. asper, D. gibbosus)). In the latter hypothesis the clade asper + gibbosus is also supported by structural synapomorphies.

Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859 and Dolerus brevicornis Zaddach, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with notes on their phylogeny