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Water-cement ratio (w/c) is one of the most important parameters determining the quality of cement-based materials. Currently, there is no practical way to accurately determine the w/c ratio after all the ingredients of concrete have been mixed, posing a significant quality-control problem for the construction industry. A new method has been developed to address this challenge whereby an electrical resistivity probe is immersed in fresh concrete, providing an instantaneous and accurate measure of a concrete’s w/c. Experiments were conducted on 8 concrete mixtures designed according to the ACI 211.1 procedure, with varying w/c (0.30, 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60) and fly ash percentages (0 and 25%). The results demonstrate a strong direct correlation between the resistivity of fresh concrete and the w/c. Average w/c estimates based on measurements using the resistivity probe were within ±0.01 of the actual values for all mixtures tested.

Instantaneous In-Situ Determination of Water-Cement Ratio of Fresh Concrete