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Purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) regarded as a form of deep vein thrombosis. Although the recurrence rate of venous thrombosis in provoked embolism is lower than unprovoked vein thrombosis, proteins associated with coagulation have not been well studied in provoked pulmonary embolism. This study is aimed to evaluate factors associated with coagulation between provoked and unprovoked PE. Methods: This restrospective cohort study included 207 PE patients. Patients had transient risk factors at the diagnosis regarded as provoked PE, the others were classified as unprovoked PE. Evaluation of proteins associated with coagulation included protein C, protein C activity, protein S, protein S free form, protein S activity, antithrombin III, factor VIII and factor IX. Results: Among 207 PE cases, 65 (31.4%) cases were provoked PE. Clinical characteristics between provoked and unprovoked PE were not different. However, RV/LV ratio was significantly higher in provoked than unprovoked PE. Proteins and activity associated with coagulation were significantly lower in provoked PE than unprovoked PE; protein C antigen (33% vs. 54%, P = 0.01), protein S antigen (31% vs 53%, P = 0.001), protein S activity (55% vs 71%, P P P = 0.01). Conclusion: Provoked PE had significant lower anti-coagulation proteins level or activity than unprovoked PE.

Alteration of Factors Associated with Coagulation in Provoked Pulmonary Embolism