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AS of today in Russia, the circulatory system diseases rank first in the overall morbidity patterns, accounting for 18.8 %. Coronary artery disease, including myocardial infarction, alongside with cerebrovascular diseases and essential hypertension are among the most common cardiovascular ailments [6]. There have been numerous studies carried in relation to the morphology of the human heart arterial vascularization [3], its venous angioarchitecture [1], and the mutual dimensional orientation of subepicardial vessels [5]. However, we still lack comparative data on coronary angioarchitecture in the heart under normal conditions and in case of myocardial infarction. This study was performed to bridge the above-mentioned gap in the currently available knowledge. Objective: our purpose here is to present the morphofunctional parameters pertinent to the arterial vascularization morphology in the heart both in the absence of coronary circulation disturbances and in anteroseptal myocardial infarction in humans in their second period of adulthood with right coronary pattern of the coronary arteries branching. Material and Мethods. Subepicardial branchings were studied in the anterior interventricular branch (AIVB) of left coronary artery in 10 hearts as well as 12 lifetime coronarographies in humans in their second period of adulthood with right coronary pattern of the coronary arteries branching under normal conditions and in anteroseptal myocardial infarction. During angiography the heart vessels were injected with lead oxide dissolved in glycerin (in equal proportions). For histological examination vasculature samples were taken followed by their cross-sections preparation and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The morphometric measuring of the vessels length, their inner and outer diameters, and cross-sectional areas was carried out using appropriate software (VideoTest-Morphology, 5.0; Makhaon). The original computer programs allowed establishing new morphofunctional parameters for coronary vascularization (among them constriction coefficients (Cc) and dilatation coefficients (Cd) related to the net luminal diameter of the arterial bed; the share of the net longitudinal section of the arterial vasculature in the total area of the vascularized surface, and the average distance between the branchings) [2]. The statistical analysis of the results obtained was carried out through the variation method using the data analysis package pertaining to the Excel Windows Office XP and Statistica 6.0 software with the arithmetical mean and standard error (M±m) calculation. Student’s t-test for independent samples was also performed [4]. Results and Discussion. The net luminal area (ΣSlum) of the AIVB in the absence of coronary circulation disturbances was found to prevail over its values in case of myocardial infarction, amounting to 15.2±1.5 mm2 and 9.6±1.1 mm2, respectively. Normally in the upper third of the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS) the ΣSlum of the AIVB branches generally tends to decrease, yet increasing slightly to 15.4±1.5 mm2 in its medium third. A significant 4.2-fold (2.3±0.9 mm2) reduction in the net luminal area of the AIVB derivatives was found in the initial segments of the AIVS upper third in myocardial infarction. Coronary circulation pathology is associated with a pronounced decrease in the net luminal area of the AIVB derivatives from 19.5±1.8 mm2 to 8.8±0.9 mm2 in a 26.2±1.5 mm long segment of the vessel found in the middle of the AIVS upper third. Increased ΣSlum of the AIVB branches in the medium and terminal parts of the AIVS upper third (up to 19.5±1.8 mm2 and 18.6±1.3 mm2, respectively) is a common finding in myocardial infarction as well. The charts demonstrating the alteration in the AIVB net luminal area for all objects reveal a general trend for this value to decrease along the medium and lower third of the AIVB before the subepicardial vessel branches penetrate the myocardium. However, the medium third of the AIVS, both in the normal condition and in case of myocardial infarction, show a prominent increase in the ΣSlum in the AIVB (by 1.6 times – from 4.3±0.8 mm2 to 6.8±0.9 mm2, and 1.4 times from 7.6±0.5 mm2 up to 10.6±1.1 mm2 respectively). An analysis of the data obtained showed that the Lezhnina Oksana, PhD; Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Stavropol State Medical University; tel.: (8652)353229; e-mail: okliz26@mail.ru

Specific features of the arterial vascularization in the heart under normal conditions and in myocardial infarction