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Background The effectiveness of a single intramuscular benzathine penicillin G as a secondary prevention of acute rheu- matic fever after 28 days is still controversial. The latest study showed that serum penicillin concentration was below protective level in 4 weeks after a single intramuscular injection. Objective This study was a preliminary study to compare the in- hibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G towards group A Strepto- coccus β -hemolyticus in 21 and 28 days after a single IM injection by using Mueller-Hinton broth method. Methods The inhibiting ability was measured by the serum in- hibitory concentration and serum bactericidal concentration after a single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G 1.2 mil- lion units. Results The subjects were 28 patients, with mean age of 15.5 years (SD 3.4). The numbers of male and female were equal. Mean serum inhibitory concentration in 21 days after a single injection was 926.4 (SD 3080.1) and after 28 days was 1540.9 (SD 4275.1), which was not significantly different (p=0.0662). Mean serum bac- tericidal concentration in 21 days after IM injection was 1579.6 (SD 4265.7) and in 28 days was 2417 (SD 6849.4) and it was not statistically different (p=0.2276). Conclusion This study concluded that there was no significant difference in the inhibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G to- wards group A Streptococcus β -hemolyticus between 21 and 28 days after a single intramuscular injection

Inhibiting ability of benzathine penicillin G towards group A Streptococcus β -hemolyticus in 21 and 28 days after a single intramuscular injection