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Magnesium production by Pidgeon process uses ferrosilicon to reduce MgO from calcined dolomite and China becomes the largest primary magnesium producer in the world because of having abundant dolomite resources. Reaction in Pidgeon process takes place in solid state, so the duration of completely-reduced MgO is quite long because of too slow reaction rate. Due to such disadvantages of Pidgeon process, it is necessary to develop new magnesium production technologys with low pollution and energy cost. Smelting reduction technology is a new metallurgical process in which oxides in liquid slag state are reduced to liquid or gaseous metals. Smelting reduction takes place in liquid state, which can accelerate reaction rate and improve productivity. In recent years, smelting reduction has gained increasing importance to produce metal, such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr. Most literatures on the Mg production from dolomite or Magnesite focused on solid phase reduction. The studies on smelting reduction of MgO have seldomly published except for the patents. The reduction of MgO in molten slag with the composition of 5.6 % MgO, 48.1 % Al2O3 and 46.3 % CaO reacting with ferroaluminium (80 % Al and 35 % Al) had been reported by Capocchi and Rajakumar. The content of MgO in slag was low and the composition of slag was not applied to smelting reduction of MgO from dolomite. Thermodynamic and Experimental Analysis on Vacuum Silicothermic Reduction of MgO in Molten Slags