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Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato is a pathogenic basidiomycete, which causes root and butt rot in conifers of northern temperate and boreal forests. The species has been divided to intersterility groups (IS groups), two of which (S and P) occur in northern Europe (Korhonen 1978). Although few natural intergroup hybrids have been reported between IS groups S and P in North America (Garbelotto et al. 1996), and compatible matings have been observed in pairing experiments (Korhonen 1978, Olson and Stenlid 2001, Stenlid and Karlsson 1991), the two IS groups do not seem to hybridize naturally in Europe. Therefore the fungi occurring in Europe were recently named as H. parviporum (IS group S) and H. annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu stricto (Niemelä and Korhonen 1998). H. parviporum (Niemelä and Korhonen) attacks mainly Picea abies (L.) Karst., and H. annosum s.str. prefers Pinus sylvestris (L.), but occurs also on several other tree species including P. abies. Heterobasidion sp. spreads to new sites by basidiospore infections to fresh stumps, from which the mycelium grows vegetatively to living Specifi c Primers for the Differentiation of Heterobasidion annosum (s.str.) and H. parviporum Infected Stumps in Northern Europe

Specific primers for the differentiation of Heterobasidion annosum (s.str.) and H. parviporum infected stumps in northern Europe