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The full understanding of the distribution of the surface temperature and salinity requires the knowledge of the heat and water balance at the surface of the ocean as well as of the circulation. For southeast Asian waters the monthly averages of the climatological factors determining the heat and water balance are calculated and presented in the following for 15 regions. The positions of the 15 regions are given in fig. 1, the values are averages of 8 to 12 1° squares situated about in the centre of the region, to avoid disturbances by effects from the land. The precipitation over the different regions has been taken from representations given by WYRTKI (1956) showing the annual variation of rainfall over the sea by means of an evaluation of the observations of coastal and island stations in the Indonesian Archipelago. For the regions outside the archipelago the same method has been applied for the determination of the annual variation of the rainfall, table 7. The evaporation of the different regions has been calculated by means of the formula given by SVERDRUP (1946). In this formula the evaporation is proportional to the wind velocity v and to the vapour pressure difference between sea and air ew — ea, E = k (ew — ea) v.

PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATION AND ENERGY EXCHANGE AT THE SURFACE OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS