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Aim:  The study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity of  Thymus vulgaris  honey (TVH) and  Origanum vulgare  essential oil (OVEO) and their mixture effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced toxicity.    Materials and Methods:  The study conducted physicochemical characterization and chemical analysis of TVH and OVEO with the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of TVH and OVEO was done with the use of 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The study used nine groups of rats to investigate the effect of TVH, OVEO, and a mixture of TVH and OVEO (HEM) on CCl 4 -induced toxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4  (1 mL/100 g) was used to induce toxicity. The doses of TVH and OVEO were 1 mg/kg.b.wt, and 50 mg/kg.b.wt, respectively. HEM contains TVH (1 mg/kg.b.wt) and OVEO (50 mg/kg.b.wt).    Results:  TVH has a high content of phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols. HPLC analysis showed that TVH contains, for the 1 st  time, epicatechin gallate, and at a high concentration. OVEO includes a high percentage of carvacrol and thymol. With the use of DPPH, OVEO was more potent than TVH. CCl 4  caused significant liver and kidney damage and lipid disorders, which were alleviated by HVT, OVEO, and HEM. HVT was more potent than OVEO (p<0.05), and HEM was more potent than HVT and OVEO (p<0.05).    Conclusion:  The study identified high content of epicatechin gallate for the 1 st  time in TVH, and OVEO contains a high percentage of thymol and carvacrol. Epicatechin gallate might be useful as a marker for TVH. Mixing OVEO and TVH significantly potentiated their protection against CCl 4 -induced liver and kidney toxicity.

veterinary world/veterinary world

Chemical composition and antioxidant content of Thymus vulgaris honey and Origanum vulgare essential oil; their effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity