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espanolEsta tesis se centra en el analisis de los vinculos establecidos entre los partidos y sus electores en varios paises europeos a traves del estudio de la congruencia ideologica y programatica. En primer lugar, mediante una estrategia descriptiva la investigacion se ocupa de la conceptualizacion y medicion de la congruencia. De este modo, se realiza una evaluacion de los niveles de congruencia entre representantes y representados en Europa occidental en la tradicional dimension de competencia partidista en Europa: izquierda y derecha. Pero ademas, estos hallazgos se comparan con los niveles de correspondencia actitudinal hallados en torno a una cuestion politica que se ha insertado en el debate politico con relevancia dispar en los Estados europeos y que, ademas, no se acomoda a las lineas clasicas de division en los sistemas politicos: la actitud hacia la integracion europea. En la segunda parte de la investigacion se lleva a cabo un analisis de los factores que explican la congruencia ideologica y programatica entre los votantes y partidos europeos, tomando diferentes elementos que la literatura ha ido proponiendo de un modo disperso y anadiendo ademas nuevos elementos explicativos a la congruencia. De tal manera, este trabajo ofrece nueva y valiosa evidencia para profundizar en la tarea explicativa de los vinculos entre representantes y representados, examinando la relacion de varios condicionantes individuales, partidistas y sistemicos mediante la construccion de diferentes modelos multinivel. EnglishThis dissertation focuses on the analysis of the links between parties voters on Western European countries through the study of the ideological and programmatic congruence. First, using a descriptive approach this research deals with the conceptualization and measurement of the ideological and programmatic congruence. Therefore, I carry out an evaluation of the levels of congruence between representatives and represented in Western Europe focused on the traditional dimension of partisan competition in Europe: the left and right dimension. Next, those findings are compared with the levels of correspondence found in a political topic that has been inserted in the public debate in the European States: the issue of the attitudes towards the European integration. A topic that does not conform to the classic cleavages found in the European political systems. In the second part of this research, I carry out an analysis of the factors that explain the ideological and programmatic congruence between the voters and European parties, taking into account different explanatory factors that the scholars have been proposing in previous works. This dissertation offers new and relevant evidence that is useful to understand the links between representatives and represented, examining the effect of several individual, partisan and contextual factors using multilevel statistical models.

Congruencia ideológica e Integración Europea: un análisis de los vínculos entre votantes y partidos en Europa