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Se ha estudiado la aplicacion de la Peroxidacion Catalitica en Fase Humeda (PCFH) activada por arcillas pilareadas (PILCs) con Al y Fe, Cu o Mn, en la degradacion de contaminantes organicos presentes en diferentes efluentes acuosos, a saber: disolucion sintetica de Naranja de Metilo (NM), como molecula bio-refractaria modelo representativa de las aguas residuales de la industria textil; Lixiviado de Vertedero Municipal (LVM), tomado del vertedero RSA de la ciudad de Pasto ? Colombia; y Agua Superficial Cruda (ASC), tomada del rio Pasto en la misma municipalidad, para la produccion de agua apta para consumo. Los materiales exhibieron alta actividad y estabilidad, operando bajo condiciones muy suaves de reaccion (T = 18 °C; P = 72 kPa). La Relacion Atomica Nominal (RAN) resulto ser un parametro clave en la preparacion de Al/Fe-, Al/Cu- y Al/(Fe-Cu)-PILCs, y se determino el intervalo mas apropiado para su aplicacion en la PCFH. Las Al/Fe-PILCs constituyen el sistema metalico mas promisorio en la depuracion de aguas contaminadas, debido a su mayor compromiso actividad-estabilidad y mayor eficiencia en la retencion del metal activo. Se investigaron entonces las condiciones apropiadas para preparar Al/Fe-PILCs igualmente eficaces a partir de precursores concentrados. Los materiales resultantes exhibieron una excelente actividad catalitica en la degradacion de materia organica natural presente en una ASC para la produccion de agua potable. Tambien se determino que en el tratamiento un LVM altamente bio-refractario mediante la PCFH catalizada por una Al/Fe-PILC, altas cargas de catalizador y bajas velocidades de adicion de peroxido de hidrogeno favorecen el incremento en la biodegradabilidad de la corriente de salida, aun para bajas dosis del agente oxidante. Por ultimo, se presenta una novedosa estrategia para la incorporacion de Mn mediante la expansion in-situ de agregados tipo MnS; los solidos resultantes demostraron un interesante comportamiento en la PCFH de NM. The application of the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation (CWPO) in the presence of clays pillared (PILCs) with Al and either Fe, Cu Al/Cu was studied in the degradation of organic contaminants of diverse aqueous effluents, including: methyl orange (MO) solution, as bio-refractory model molecule representative of wastewaters from the textile industry; mature leachate (ML) taken from the RSA landfill of Pasto City ? Colombia; and surface water from Pasto river currently used as supply source for the production of drinking water. The functional materials exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and stability, while operated under pretty mild conditions of reaction (T = 18 °C; P = 72 kPa). The Atomic Metal Ratio (AMR) was found to be a key parameter in the preparation of Al/Fe-, Al/Cu- and Al/(Fe-Cu)-PILCs, and the most appropriate range of values for their application in the CWPO was also determined. The system Al/Fe-PILCs was found the most promising catalytic system in wastewater refinement, because of its better compromise activity ? stability, together with increased efficiency in the metal uptake. Thus, the conditions for the preparation of Al/Fe-PILCs from concentrated precursors were investigated. The resulting materials showed excellent catalytic performance in the degradation of natural organic matter present in the surface water used for drinking water production. The CWPO treatment of the ML was found to better proceed under high catalyst loadings and low peroxide addition rates in order to enhance the biodegradability of the output stream, even by using pretty low peroxide dosages. Finally, a novel strategy for the incorporation of Mn by in-situ growing of MnS clusters at the interlayer of the bentonite is presented: the solids obtained displayed interesting catalytic behavior in the CWPO of MO at close to neutral pH.

Peroxidación catalítica de contaminantes orgánicos en medio acuoso utilizando una bentonita modificada con Al y Fe, Cu o Mn