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All genetically modified (GM – genetically modified) plants before being authorized for cultivation in the European Union (EU) must undergo a comprehensive risk assessment to the environment (ERA – Environmental Risk Assessment). Risk assessment of GM crops is carried out in steps which consist of the identification of the factors that may negatively affect the environment components, risk characterization, exposure and propose appropriate risk management strategies. Based on the overall conclusions of the ERA, plan of post-market environmental monitoring must be developed. To confirm any hypothesis made in the ERA, regarding the occurrence and impact of potential adverse effects, case specific monitoring is carried out. To identify the occurrence of any unexpected, potentially adverse effects of placing of the GM plants on the market, it is mandatory to conduct general surveillance of the environment. Monitoring system must correspond to the objectives of the environmental protection goals, take into account various elements of the environment and use appropriate and standardized methods. Risk assessment of GM plants should be therefore adapted to the to introduce traits/genes of plant varieties placed on the EU market. This work presents current system of GM plants risk assessment in the EU.

Principles of environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants in European Union