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The changes presented in the floristic list revealed that in the years 1963–1972 the following weed species dominated in the studied corn crops: Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Elymus repens, Cirsium arvense, Sinapis arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora and Polygonaceae. This weed composition was mainly affected by a rotation and perennial cultivation of corn for silage. A similar infestation occurred in the years 1973 to 1982, but cover indexes were higher for Ch. album, E. crus-galli, and Amaranthus retroflexus and lower for perennial species. Large-area cultivation of maize and widespread use of herbicides were the major factors that affected that situation. In the years 1983 to 1992 A. retroflexus appeared also fairly frequently in the list of segetal flora. More species diversity compared to previous periods was recorded and it was caused by transformation of ownership in agriculture. In the years 1993–2002 simple tillage systems, application of monocultures and restoring fallow land affected on weed infestation of corn crops. This pattern of weed composition continued in the years 2003–2013 but with greater intensity of thermophilic species.

Changes in weed infestation in corn crops in southwestern region of Poland in 1963–2013 years