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Low order streams derive most of their energy from the riparian vegetation. Therefore, changes in forest cover have the potential to affect stream biota. Herein we assess the effects of Euca/yptus globu/us afforestation to low order streams by comparing (a) the structure of macroinvertebrate communities between impacted (eucalyptus plantations) and unimpacted (deciduous forest) streams; (b) decomposition rates of eucalyptus leaves and some native species; (c) fungai colonisation and (d) sporulation of decomposing leaves. During autumn/winter; streams flowing through eucalyptus forests contained a lower number of invertebrates and taxa than streams running through deciduous forests.The low number of invertebrate taxa and individuais might be a consequence of hydrology and/or low quality food resource of leaves. Decomposition of leaves and fungai sporulation followed a same pattem: leaves of alder decomposed at a fast rate, followed by chestnut. eucalyptus and oak The colonisation of eucalyptus leaves by aquatic hyphomycetes was highly limited by the cuticle (and facilitated by stomata). It progressed predominantly in and from the eucalyptus leaf mesophyll to the outside. Eucalyptus oils and, to a lesser extend, polyphenols, were strong deterrents to fungai growth. A possible incorporation of eucalyptus litter into secondary production in a reasonable time span is suggested. We hypothesise that aquatic hyphomycetes play a dominant role in the eucalyptus breakdown process overlapping shredder low consumption or low density.

Effects of Eucalyptus globulus plantations in low order streams of central Portugal