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Investigation of bodies recovered out of water is a complex but frequent medico-legal task. the key problem is if the victim died due to drowning or by the means of other cause and placed in water. At the moment, the diagnosis of drowning is based on some unspecific findings during autopsy (lung distension and the presence of froth in upper airways and lungs) and the results of laboratory tests. our project aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the determination by IcP-ms of trace elements (te) in blood of the cardiac cavities of corpses found in aquatic environment as a tool to increase the certainty of the diagnostic of death by drowning. Blood samples were collected from 18 cadavers found in water, from 20062008, in oporto area. the advantage of IcP-ms compared to other instrumental analytical techniques is clear and it proved to be useful. It allowed us to perform a multielemental analysis of blood, and the results highlight the importance of this kind of approach, compared to previous studies where we are dependent on the results of a single te. keywords: Drowning; IcP-ms; Forensic pathology. Introduction and objectives Post-mortem diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult in forensic pathology. the majority of the diagnoses are based on some unspecific findings during autopsy (lung distension and the presence of froth in upper airways and lungs) and the results of laboratory tests [1]. Despite the many diagnostic methods used, the ideal diagnostic test as definitive proof for drowning still needs to be established, and more research is necessary. one of the diagnostic methods used is the quantification of drowning markers, such as the trace elements (te) iron and strontium in blood [2-4]. the use of these “markers” is based on the different blood concentration between left and right heart cavities according to the type of water medium [4]. If the drowning takes place in a hypotonic medium compared to human blood (freshwater drowning) animal experimentation shows that te blood concentration decreases in the left heart cavities as a consequence of hemodilution. on the other hand, te such as sr, due to its water concentration (and practically inexistence in human blood) will be higher in left ventricle (compared to the right one). even though, the reviewed bibliographic

Diagnosing death by drowning through the analysis of blood markers by inductively coupled plasma: mass spectrometry