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Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 were measured using Sunset OC/EC Field Analyzer at Seoul Hwangsa Monitoring Center from March to April, 2016. The mean concentrations of OC and EC during the entire period were 4.4 ± 2.0 μgC m and 1.4 ± 0.6 μgC m, respectively. OC/EC ratio was 3.4 ± 1.0. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 57.4 ± 25.9 and 39.7 ± 19.8 μg m , respectively, which were detected by an optical particle counter. The OC and EC peaks were observed in the morning, which were impacted by vehicle emission, however, their diurnal variations were not noticeable. This is determined to be contributed by the long-range transported OC or secondary formation via photochemical reaction by volatile organic compounds at afternoon. A conditional probability function (CPF) model was used to identify the local source of pollution. High concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were observed from the westerly wind, regardless of wind speed. When wind velocity was high, a mixing plume of dust and pollution during long-range transport from China in spring was observed. In contrast, pollution in low wind velocity was from local source, regardless of direction. To know the effect of long-range transport on pollution, a concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) model was analyzed based on a potential source contribution function (PSCF) model in which 75 percentiles high concentration was picked out for CWT analysis. PM10, PM2.5, OC, and EC were dominantly contributed from China in spring, and EC results were similar in both PSCF and CWT. In conclusion, Seoul air quality in spring was mainly affected by a mixture of local pollution and anthropogenic pollutants originated in China than the Asian dust.

Potential Source of PM10, PM2.5, and OC and EC in Seoul During Spring 2016

Potential Source of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and OC and EC in Seoul During Spring 2016