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In this study, the atmospheric CO2 concentrations estimated by CT2013B, a recent version of CarbonTracker, are compared with CO2 measurements from the Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner (CONTRAIL) project during 2010-2011. CarbonTracker is an inversion system that estimates surface CO2 fluxes using atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Overall, the model results represented the atmospheric CO2 concentrations well with a slight overestimation compared to observations. In the case of horizontal distribution, variations in the model and observation difference were large in northern Eurasia because most of the model and data mismatch were located in the stratosphere where the model could not represent CO2 variations well enough due to low model resolution at high altitude and existing phase shift from the troposphere. In addition, the model and observation difference became larger in boreal summer. Despite relatively large differences at high latitudes and in boreal summer, overall, the modeled CO2 concentrations fitted well to observations. Vertical profiles of modeled and observed CO2 concentrations showed that the model overestimates the observations at all altitudes, showing nearly constant differences, which implies that the surface CO2 concentration is transported well vertically in the transport model. At Narita, overall differences were small, although the correlation between modeled and observed CO2 concentrations decreased at higher altitude, showing relatively large differences above 225 hPa. The vertical profiles at Moscow and Delhi located on land and at Hawaii on the ocean showed that the model is less accurate on land than on the ocean due to various effects (e.g., biospheric effect) on land compared to the homogeneous ocean surface.

A Comparison of the Atmospheric CO2Concentrations Obtained by an Inverse Modeling System and Passenger Aircraft Based Measurement

A Comparison of the Atmospheric CO₂Concentrations Obtained by an Inverse Modeling System and Passenger Aircraft Based Measurement