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Apotosisis a modeof celldeath that is involved in the control of cell populations during development, immune responses,and normal tissue homeotasis. Apoptosis is characterizedby a seriesof morphologicalchanges including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation. A biochemical hallmark of apoptosis is extensive degradation of DNA into nucleosomal units (Compton, 1992). This degradation is originated by the activation of an endogenous nuclear endonuclease that cleaves chromatin at internudeosomal regions. In contrast, necrosis is a mode of cell death characterized by increased membrane permeabilityand random degradation of DNA by lysosomal enzymes. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis may be induced by a wide range of nonphysiological stimuli including anti-cancer drugs, ionizing radiation, and hyperthermia (Barry at al. 1990). Recently, Martin and Cotter (1991) demonstrated that ultraviolet B (UV) irradiation induces extensive and rapid apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Actually, UV irradiation is used as a trigger of apoptosis to study the intracellular proteinases involved in the DNA fragmentation (Wright et al. 1994). In this report, we describe the temporal sequence of changes in nuclear morphology, cell shape, and DNA fragmentation during the process of apoptosis induced by UV irradiation in U937 cells.

Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell death in U937 human cells by ultraviolet B irradiation.