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Neural cells that will form the neural plate arise from the epiblast cell layer under the influence of signals produced by organizer centers such as the blastopore dorsal lip in amphibia and its counterpart in amniotes that is the Hensen's Node (HN). Experimental evidence for such affirmation comes mainly from classical manipulation experiments in which the dorsal lip or the HN is transplanted to ectopic places and a new neural axis is induced in the host embryo (Spemann and Mangold, 1924; Waddington, 1932). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism by which signals produced by the HN produce neural induction is still poorly understood. Several putative molecules have been proposed as candidates for such neural induction, including transcription factors expressed in the HN and secreted molecules that can diffuse along the embryo to induce the formation of the neural plate. Recently, it has been shown that several members of the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) family are able to induce neural cells when assayed in Xenopus animal caps cultures that otherwise would form mesoderm cells (Kengaku and Okamoto, 1995; Lamb and Harland, 1995) suggesting that FGFs can participate in normal neural induction. Using chick embryo cultures (New, 1955) and targeted over-expression with heparin acrylic beads as described by Cohn et aI., 1995, we are currently studying the neural inducing ability of this family of growth factors and their role in the antero-posterior patterning of the nervous system.

Members of the fibroblast growth factors induce ectopic neural plate formation in cultured chick embryos.