English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Although a very high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency has been demonstrated with organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using electrophosphorescence, enhancement of energy conversion efficiency, that is decreasing driving voltage, has been required from the standpoint of practical device applications. In this paper, we report on a decrease in operation voltage by doping carrier transport layers and discuss the possible mechanisms. In particular, we demonstrate an OLED with very low driving voltage (2.9 V at J = 100 mA/cm2) with a p-i-n structure.

Lowering the Driving Voltage of Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Chemical Doping