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Hybridization is a fascinating evolutionary phenomenon that raises the question of how species maintain their integrity. Inter-species hybridization occurs between certain  Schistosoma  species that can cause important public health and veterinary issues. In particular hybrids between  Schistosoma haematobium  and  S .  bovis  associated with humans and animals respectively are frequently identified in Africa. Recent genomic evidence indicates that some  S .  haematobium  populations show signatures of genomic introgression from  S .  bovis . Here, we conducted a genomic comparative study and investigated the genomic relationships between  S .  haematobium ,  S .  bovis  and their hybrids using 19 isolates originating from a wide geographical range over Africa, including samples initially classified as  S .  haematobium  (n = 11),  S .  bovis  (n = 6) and  S .  haematobium  x  S .  bovis  hybrids (n = 2). Based on a whole genomic sequencing approach, we developed 56,181 SNPs that allowed a clear differentiation of  S .  bovis  isolates from a genomic cluster including all  S .  haematobium  isolates and a natural  S .  haematobium-bovis  hybrid. All the isolates from the  S .  haematobium  cluster except the isolate from Madagascar harbored signatures of genomic introgression from  S .  bovis . Isolates from Corsica, Mali and Egypt harbored the  S .  bovis -like  Invadolysin  gene, an introgressed tract that has been previously detected in some introgressed  S .  haematobium  populations from Niger. Together our results highlight the fact that introgression from  S .  bovis  is widespread across  S .  haematobium  and that the observed introgression is unidirectional.

Diverging patterns of introgression from Schistosoma bovis across S. haematobium African lineages