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The cell wall is a dynamic structure that is important for the pathogenicity of  Candida albicans . Mannan, which is located in the outermost layer of the cell wall, has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of  C .  albicans , however, the molecular mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Here we identified a novel α-1,6-mannosyltransferase encoded by  MNN10  in  C .  albicans . We found that Mnn10 is required for cell wall α-1,6-mannose backbone biosynthesis and polysaccharides organization. Deletion of  MNN10  resulted in significant attenuation of the pathogenesis of  C .  albicans  in a murine systemic candidiasis model. Inhibition of α-1,6-mannose backbone extension did not, however, impact the invasive ability of  C .  albicans in vitro . Notably,  mnn10  mutant restored the invasive capacity in athymic nude mice, which further supports the notion of an enhanced host antifungal defense related to this backbone change.  Mnn10  mutant induced enhanced Th1 and Th17 cell mediated antifungal immunity, and resulted in enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes for pathogen clearance  in vivo . We also demonstrated that  MNN10  could unmask the surface β-(1,3)-glucan, a crucial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of  C .  albicans  recognized by host Dectin-1. Our results demonstrate that  mnn10  mutant could stimulate an enhanced Dectin-1 dependent immune response of macrophages  in vitro , including the activation of nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and secretion of specific cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12p40. In summary, our study indicated that α-1,6-mannose backbone is critical for the pathogenesis of  C .  albicans  via shielding β-glucan from recognition by host Dectin-1 mediated immune recognition. Moreover, our work suggests that inhibition of α-1,6-mannose extension by Mnn10 may represent a novel modality to reduce the pathogenicity of  C .  albicans .

Mnn10 Maintains Pathogenicity in Candida albicans by Extending α-1,6-Mannose Backbone to Evade Host Dectin-1 Mediated Antifungal Immunity