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Transposon-mediated transformation was used to produce  Anopheles stephensi  that express single-chain antibodies (scFvs) designed to target the human malaria parasite,  Plasmodium falciparum . The scFvs, m1C3, m4B7, and m2A10, are derived from mouse monoclonal antibodies that inhibit either ookinete invasion of the midgut or sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. The scFvs that target the parasite surface, m4B7 and m2A10, were fused to an  Anopheles gambiae  antimicrobial peptide, Cecropin A. Previously-characterized  Anopheles cis -acting DNA regulatory elements were included in the transgenes to coordinate scFv production with parasite development. Gene amplification and immunoblot analyses showed promoter-specific increases in transgene expression in blood-fed females. Transgenic mosquito lines expressing each of the scFv genes had significantly lower infection levels than controls when challenged with  P. falciparum .

Engineered Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum Development in Transgenic Anopheles stephensi