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HTLV-I-specific CD8 +  T cells have been characterized with high frequencies in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which contribute to central nervous system inflammation in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However, little is known about the differences in CD8 +  T cell activation status between asymptomatic carrier (ACs) and patients with HAM/TSP. The expression of CD244, a signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family receptor, was significantly higher on CD8 +  T cells in HTLV-I-infected patients, both ACs and patients with HAM/TSP, than those on healthy normal donors (NDs). Blockade of CD244 inhibited degranulation and IFN-γ production in CD8 +  T cells of patients with HAM/TSP, suggesting that CD244 is associated with effector functions of CD8 +  T cells in patients with HAM/TSP. Moreover, SLAM-associated protein (SAP) was overexpressed in patients with HAM/TSP compared to ACs and NDs. SAP expression in Tax-specific CTLs was correlated in the HTLV-I proviral DNA loads and the frequency of the cells in HTLV-I-infected patients. SAP knockdown by siRNA also inhibited IFN-γ production in CD8 +  T cells of patients with HAM/TSP. Thus, the CD244/SAP pathway was involved in the active regulation of CD8 +  T cells of patients with HAM/TSP, and may play roles in promoting inflammatory neurological disease.

High Expression of CD244 and SAP Regulated CD8+ T Cell Responses of Patients with HTLV-I Associated Neurologic Disease