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Wolbachia  are among the most widespread intracellular bacteria, carried by thousands of metazoan species. The success of  Wolbachia  is due to efficient vertical transmission by the host maternal germline. Some  Wolbachia  strains concentrate at the posterior of host oocytes, which promotes  Wolbachia  incorporation into posterior germ cells during embryogenesis. The molecular basis for this localization strategy is unknown. Here we report that the  wMel Wolbachia  strain relies upon a two-step mechanism for its posterior localization in oogenesis. The microtubule motor protein kinesin-1 transports  wMel  toward the oocyte posterior, then pole plasm mediates  wMel  anchorage to the posterior cortex. Trans-infection tests demonstrate that factors intrinsic to  Wolbachia  are responsible for directing posterior  Wolbachia  localization in oogenesis. These findings indicate that  Wolbachia  can direct the cellular machintery of host oocytes to promote germline-based bacterial transmission. This study also suggests parallels between  Wolbachia  localization mechanisms and those used by other intracellular pathogens.

A Cellular Basis for Wolbachia Recruitment to the Host Germline