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Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare facilities havesuffered from shortages in medical resources, particularly in PersonalProtective Equipment (PPE). In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic approachto schedule PPE orders among healthcare facilities. In this PPE game, eachindependent healthcare facility optimises its own storage utilisation in orderto keep its PPE cost at a minimum. Such a model can reduce peak demandconsiderably when applied to a variable PPE consumption profile. Experimentsconducted for NHS England regions using actual data confirm that the challengeof securing PPE supply during disasters such as COVID-19 can be eased if properstock management procedures are adopted. These procedures can include earlystockpiling, increasing storage capacities and implementing measures that canprolong the time period between successive infection waves, such as socialdistancing measures. Simulation results suggest that the provision of PPEdedicated storage space can be a viable solution to avoid straining PPE supplychains in case a second wave of COVID-19 infections occurs.

Game theory to enhance stock management of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 outbreak