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Potassium (K + ) acquisition, translocation and cellular homeostasis are mediated by various membrane transport systems in all organisms. We identified and described an ion channel in the ectomycorrhizal fungus  Hebeloma cylindrosporum  ( Hc SKC) that harbors features of animal voltage-dependent  Shaker -like K +  channels, and investigated its role in both free-living hyphae and symbiotic conditions. RNAi lines affected in the expression of  HcSKC  were produced and used for  in vitro  mycorrhizal assays with the maritime pine as host plant, under standard or low K +  conditions. The adaptation of  H .  cylindrosporum  to the downregulation of  HcSKC  was analyzed by qRT-PCR analyses for other K + -related transport proteins: the transporters  HcTrk1 ,  HcTrk2 , and  HcHAK , and the ion channels  HcTOK1 ,  HcTOK2 . 1 , and  HcTOK2 . 2 . Downregulated  HcSKC  transformants displayed greater K +  contents at standard K +  only. In such conditions, plants inoculated with these transgenic lines were impaired in K +  nutrition. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the reduced expression of  HcSKC  modifies the pool of fungal K +  available for the plant and/or affects its symbiotic transfer to the roots. Our study reveals that the maintenance of K +  transport in  H .  cylindrosporum , through the regulation of  HcSKC  expression, is required for the K +  nutrition of the host plant.

Fungal Shaker-like channels beyond cellular K+ homeostasis: A role in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Hebeloma cylindrosporum and Pinus pinaster