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Adventitious root formation is essential for plant propagation, development, and response to various stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for adventitious root formation. However, information on Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH), a key enzyme that catalyzes the production ROS, remains limited in woody plants. Here, a total of 44  RBOH  genes were identified from six Rosaceae species ( Malus domestica ,  Prunus avium ,  Prunus dulcis ' Texas’,  Rubus occidentalis ,  Fragaria vesca  and  Rosa chinensis ), including ten from  M .  domestica . Their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs and gene structures were analyzed. Exogenous treatment with the RBOH protein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) completely inhibited adventitious root formation, whereas exogenous H 2 O 2  treatment enhanced adventitious root formation. In addition, we found that ROS accumulated during adventitious root primordium inducing process. The expression levels of  MdRBOH-H ,  MdRBOH-J ,  MdRBOH-A ,  MdRBOH-E1  and  MdRBOH-K  increased more than two-fold at days 3 or 9 after auxin treatment. In addition,  cis -acting element analysis revealed that the  MdRBOH-E1  promoter contained an auxin-responsive element and the  MdRBOH-K  promoter contained a meristem expression element. Based on the combined results from exogenous DPI and H 2 O 2  treatment, spatiotemporal expression profiling, and  cis -element analysis,  MdRBOH-E1  and  MdRBOH-K  appear to be candidates for the control of adventitious rooting in apple.

plos one

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog genes in six Rosaceae species and an analysis of their effects on adventitious rooting in apple