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Plants interact with a great variety of microorganisms that inhabit the rhizosphere or the epiphytic and endophytic phyllosphere and that play critical roles in plant growth as well as the biocontrol of phytopathogens and insect pests. Avocado fruit damage caused by the thrips species  Scirtothrips perseae  leads to economic losses of 12–51% in many countries. In this study, a screening of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere or endophytic phyllosphere of avocado roots was performed to identify bacterial isolates with plant growth-promoting activity  in vitro  assays with  Arabidopsis  seedlings and to assess the biocontrol activity of the isolates against  Scirtothrips perseae . The isolates with beneficial, pathogenic and/or neutral effects on  Arabidopsis  seedlings were identified. The plant growth-promoting bacteria were clustered in two different groups (G1 and G3B) based on their effects on root architecture and auxin responses, particularly bacteria of the  Pseudomonas  genus (MRf4-2, MRf4-4 and TRf2-7) and one  Serratia  sp. (TS3-6). Twenty strains were selected based on their plant growth promotion characteristics to evaluate their potential as thrips biocontrol agents. Analyzing the biocontrol activity of  S .  perseae , it was identified that  Chryseobacterium  sp. shows an entomopathogenic effect on avocado thrips survival. Through the metabolic profiling of compounds produced by bacteria with plant growth promotion activity, bioactive cyclodipeptides (CDPs) that could be responsible for the plant growth-promoting activity in  Arabidopsis  were identified in  Pseudomonas ,  Serratia  and  Stenotrophomonas . This study unravels the diversity of bacteria from the avocado rhizosphere and highlights the potential of a unique isolate to achieve the biocontrol of  S .  perseae .

plos one

Characterization of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with avocado trees (Persea americana Miller) and their potential use in the biocontrol of Scirtothrips perseae (avocado thrips)