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Americans are increasingly relying on crowdfunding to pay for the costs ofhealthcare. In medical crowdfunding, online platforms allow individuals toappeal to social networks to request donations for health and medical needs.Users are often told that success depends on how they organize and share theircampaigns to increase social network engagement. However, experts havecautioned that MCF could exacerbate health and social disparities by amplifyingthe choices and biases of the crowd and leveraging these to determine who hasaccess to financial support for healthcare. To date, research on potential axesof disparity in MCF, and their impacts on fundraising outcomes, has beenlimited. This paper presents an exploratory cross-sectional study of arandomized sample of 637 MCF campaigns on the popular platform Gofundme, forwhich the race, gender, age, and relationships of campaigners and campaignrecipients were categorized alongside campaign characteristics and outcomes.Our analyses examine race, gender, and age disparities in MCF use, and testshow these are associated with differential campaign outcomes. The results showsystemic disparities in MCF use and outcomes: non-white users areunder-represented. There is significant evidence of an additional digital carelabor burden on women organizers of campaigns, and marginalized race and gendergroups are associated with poorer fundraising outcomes. Outcomes are onlyminimally associated with campaign characteristics under users' control, suchas photos, videos, and updates. These results corroborate widespread concernshow technology fuels health inequities, and about how crowdfunding may becreating an unequal and biased marketplace for those seeking financial supportto access healthcare. Further research and better data access are needed toexplore these dynamics more deeply and inform policy for this largelyunregulated industry.

A cross-sectional study of social inequities in medical crowdfunding campaigns in the United States