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Background   GSTM1  and  GSTT1  are involved in detoxification of xenobiotics, products of oxidative stress and in steroid hormones metabolism. We investigated whether  GSTM1  and  GSTT1  gene deletion was associated with DTC risk and explored interaction with non-genetic risk factors of DTC.    Methods  The study included 661 DTC cases and 736 controls from two case-control studies conducted in France and New Caledonia. Odds ratios (OR) and their confidence interval (CI) for DTC associated with GST genotypes, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, body mass index and hormonal factors were calculated using logistic regression models.    Results  Results are presented for Europeans and Melanesians combined, as no heterogeneity between groups was detected. We found that DTC risk increased with obesity and decrease with alcohol drinking. After stratification by gene deletion status, the OR for obesity was 5.75, (95%CI 2.25–14.7) among individuals with  GSTT1  and  GSTM1 -deleted genotype, and 1.26, (95%CI 0.89–1.77) in carriers of both genes (p-interaction = 0.02). The OR for drinking ≥1 glass/week was 0.33 (95%CI 0.15–0.74) in  GSTT1 -null individuals while it was 1.01 (95%CI 0.67–1.52) in non-null carriers of the gene (p-interaction = 0.01). No interaction between GST genotypes and other non-genetic risk factors was detected.    Conclusion   GSTM1  and  GSTT1  genotypes may modulate the DTC risk associated with BMI and alcohol consumption.

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Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in differentiated thyroid cancer and interaction with lifestyle factors: Results from case-control studies in France and New Caledonia