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In this study, we evaluated the modulation effect of long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase during early embryo development. Bovine embryos were cultured in four groups: positive modulation (ACS+) with GW3965 hydrochloride, negative modulation (ACS-) with Triacsin C, association of both modulators (ACS±), and control. Embryo development rates were not altered (P>0.05) by treatments. Embryonic cytoplasmic lipid content increased in ACS+ but reduced in ACS- compared to the control (P < 0.05), whereas the membrane phospholipids profile was not altered by treatments. The total number of blastomeres did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups; however, an increased apoptotic cells percentage was found in ACS- compared to control. Twenty-four hours after warming, ACS+ and control grade I embryos presented the best hatching rates, whereas the ACS+ group equaled the hatching rates between their embryos of grades I, II and III 48 hours after warming. The relative abundance of transcripts for genes associated with lipid metabolism ( ACSL3 ,  ACSL6 ,  ACAT1 ,  SCD , and  AUH ), heatshock ( HSP90AA1  and  HSF1 ), oxidative stress ( GPX4 ), and angiogenesis ( VEGF ), among other important genes for embryo development were affected by at least one of the treatments. The treatments were effective in modulating the level of transcripts for  ACSL3  and the cytoplasmic lipid content. The ACS- was not effective in increasing embryonic cryosurvival, whereas ACS+ restored survival rates after vitrification of embryos with low quality, making them equivalent to embryos of excellent quality.

Modulation of long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase on the development, lipid deposit and cryosurvival of in vitro produced bovine embryos