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Accurate and timely diagnosis is very critical for management, control and elimination of the malaria. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have improved the diagnosis and management of malaria in remote areas, community and places where microscopy is not available for diagnosis. According to WHO report 2018,  Plasmodium falciparum  malaria constitutes more than 50% of malaria cases in India. Most of the RDTs used for diagnosis of falciparum malaria today employ HRP2 as a target antigen. However, low density parasitemia and deletion of hrp-2 gene in  P .  falciparum  leads to false negative results and necessitates the development of alternative/ new or improved RDT for malaria diagnosis. We have analysed the genetic diversity and homology modelling of  Pfgdh  (glutamate dehydrogenase),  ldh  (lactate dehydrogenase) and  aldolase  genes in  P .  falciparum  isolates from the eight endemic states of India to assess their potential as antigen for RDT development. We observed negligible sequence diversity in  Pfgdh  in comparison to the low level of diversity in  ldh  and  aldolase  gene. No structural or functional changes were observed in modelling studies and all three genes were under negative purifying selection pressure. The highly conserved nature of  pfgdh  gene suggests that GDH could be a potential target molecule for Pan/Pf diagnostic test for malaria.

plos one

Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase is genetically conserved across eight malaria endemic states of India: Exploring new avenues of malaria elimination