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Sex chromosomes stop recombining and accumulate differences over time. In particular, genes on the chromosome restricted to the heterogametic sex degenerate and become non-functional. Here, we investigated whether or not the degeneration of a plant Y chromosome was sufficient to cause ovules containing a Y to fail to develop, thereby eliminating the possibility of YY individuals. We used two genotypic assays to determine the genotype—XX, XY, or YY—of offspring from a single fruit of an otherwise normal male XY plant of  Silene latifolia . The fruit contained fewer ovules than normal pistillate flowers, produced an equal offspring sex ratio, and generated no YY offspring. The results indicate that ovaries must contain an X chromosome to develop properly. While haploid selection has slowed down Y-chromosome degeneration in  S .  latifolia , we find that it has progressed sufficiently to prevent the proper development of ovules, and hence prevent the presence of YY individuals.

The X chromosome is necessary for ovule production in Silene latifolia