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As important regulators, miRNAs could play pivotal roles in regulation of fruit coloring.  Actinidia arguta  is a newly emerged fruit tree with extensively application prospects. However, miRNAs involved in  A .  arguta  fruit coloring are unknown. In this study,  A .  arguta  fruit were investigated at three developmental stages by small RNAs high-throughput sequencing. A total of 482 conserved miRNAs corresponding to 526 pre-miRNAs and 581 novel miRNAs corresponding to 619 pre-miRNAs were grouped into 46 miRNA families. Target gene prediction and analysis revealed that miR858, a strongly candidate miRNA, was involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in which contributes to fruit coloring. The anthocyanin level was determined in three  A .  arguta  cultivars by UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry). In addition, qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), cluster analysis were conducted as well as correlation analysis. All results were combined to propose a model in which describes an association of miRNA and anthocyanin biosynthesis in  A .  arguta . The data presented herein is the first report on miRNA profile analysis in  A .  arguta , which can provide valuable information for further research into the regulation of the miRNAs in anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloring.

MicroRNA858-mediated regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) based on small RNA sequencing