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Application of  Bacillus  cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs); fengycin, iturin A and surfactin has shown a great potential in controlling the spread of green mold pathogen invasion ( Penicillium digitatum ) in wounded mandarin fruit during postharvest period. The limited defensive protein profiles followed specific expression of pivotal genes relating to plant hormone mediating signaling pathways of the CLPs’ action on stimulating host plant resistance have been exhibited. The present study aimed to elucidate the specific effect of individual CLP obtained from  Bacillus subtilis  ABS-S14 as elicitor role on activation of plant defensive system at transcriptional and proteomic levels with and without  P .  digitatum  co-application in mandarin fruit. Fengycin and iturin A elevated the gene expression of  PAL ,  ACS1 ,  ACO ,  CHI , and  GLU  while significantly stimulating plant  POD  transcription was only detected in the treatments of surfactin both with and without following  P .  digitatum . An increase of  LOX  and  PR1  gene transcripts was determined in the treatments of individual CLP with fungal pathogen co-application. Fengycin activated production of unique defensive proteins such as protein involved in ubiquinone biosynthetic process in treated flavedo without  P .  digitatum  infection. Proteins involved in the auxin modulating pathway were present in the iturin A and surfactin treatments. CLP-protein binding assay following proteome analysis reveals that iturin A attached to 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2 involved in the oxylipin biosynthetic process required for jasmonic acid production which is implicated in induced systemic resistance (ISR). This study suggests specific elicitor action of individual CLP, particularly iturin A showed the most powerful in stimulating the ISR system in response to stresses in postharvest mandarins.

plos one

Targeted transcriptional and proteomic studies explicate specific roles of Bacillus subtilis iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin on elicitation of defensive systems in mandarin fruit during stress